‘Baptism by fire’ in cases ahead for newly appointed Supreme Court Justice Barrett
U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts administers the judicial oath of office to Judge Amy Coney Barrett as Judge Barrett’s husband Jesse Barrett holds the Bible in the East Conference Room of the Supreme Court Building in Washington, U.S., October 27, 2020. Fred Schilling/Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States/Handout via REUTERS. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. NO COMMERCIAL SALES
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WASHINGTON (NewsNation Now) — Newly confirmed U.S. Supreme Court Justice Amy Coney Barrett will face several politically fraught cases in her first days on the job, as the court weighs election disputes and prepares to hear a challenge to the Affordable Care Act.
Barrett was formally sworn in Tuesday as the Supreme Court’s ninth justice, her oath administered in private by Chief Justice John Roberts.
The Republican-controlled Senate on Monday pushed through the confirmation over Democrats’ objections to an appointment so close to the Nov. 3 presidential election. President Donald Trump, who nominated Barrett, has said he expects the court to ultimately decide the result of the election between him and Democrat Joe Biden.
Barrett, 48, joins the court with two election issues already awaiting her from key battleground states North Carolina and Pennsylvania.
The court would be expected to act on both before Election Day, with Barrett, previously an appeals court judge and legal scholar, as part of the court’s new 6-3 conservative majority. No Supreme Court justice had ever been confirmed so close to a presidential election.
“I cannot think of any other situation like this,” said Rick Hasen, an expert on election law at the University of California, Irvine School of Law. “It really is a potential baptism by fire.”
One week after the election, the court on Nov. 10 hears a case in which Republicans including Trump are asking the court to strike down the 2010 Affordable Care Act, commonly known as Obamacare.
During Barrett’s Senate confirmation hearing two weeks ago, Democrats focused on both Obamacare and election cases in voicing opposition to her confirmation and urged her to step aside from both. The court is also weighing a plea from Trump to prevent the Manhattan district attorney from acquiring his tax returns. Barrett refused to make such a commitment. Justices have the final say on whether they step aside in a case.
At a White House ceremony on Monday night where conservative Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas administered to her one of the two oaths of office that justices must take, Barrett pledged her independence from politics. At 48, she’s the youngest justice since Thomas joined the court in 1991 at age 43.
“This separation of duty from political preference is what makes the judiciary distinct,” she said.
Other election-related issues are pending at the high court, which next week also will hear a clash of LGBTQ rights and religious freedoms. The court hears another major case on Nov. 4 concerning the scope of religious-rights exemptions to certain federal laws. The dispute arose from Philadelphia’s decision to bar a local Roman Catholic entity from participating in the city’s foster-care program because the organization prohibits same-sex couples from serving as foster parents.
On Friday, Barrett could also be called upon to weigh in on Mississippi’s 15-week abortion ban. The state is appealing lower court rulings invalidating the ban. Abortion opponents in Pittsburgh also are challenging a so-called bubble zone that prevents protesters from getting too close to abortion clinics.
The court put off acting on both cases before Barrett joined the court, and it ordered Pittsburgh to file a response to the appeal filed by the protesters, who call themselves sidewalk counselors.
The political pressures put Barrett in a difficult position and she may tread carefully, said Jessica Levinson, a professor at Loyola Law School in Los Angeles.
“She could be on the court for four decades. I don’t think she wants her first big ruling to be raising a question about her independence,” Levinson added.
Voting disputes
Trump has said he wanted Barrett to be confirmed before Election Day so she could cast a decisive vote in any election-related dispute.
The Supreme Court has only once decided the outcome of a U.S. presidential election – the disputed 2000 contest ultimately awarded to Republican George W. Bush over Democrat Al Gore.
The justices already have tackled multiple election-related emergency requests this year, some related to rules changes prompted by the coronavirus pandemic.
On Monday night, the conservative justices were in the majority as the court on a 5-3 vote declined to extend mail-in voting deadlines sought by Democrats in Wisconsin.
Last week, in a sign of how Barrett’s appointment could affect such cases, the court split 4-4 in a case from Pennsylvania, handing a loss to Republicans hoping to curb the counting of mail-in ballots received after Election Day.
Republicans on Friday asked the court to block the mail-in ballot counting in Pennsylvania, knowing that Barrett was about to be confirmed.
The conservative majority even before Barrett’s appointment has generally sided with state officials who oppose court-imposed changes to election procedures to make it easier to vote during the pandemic.
Obamacare challenge
The Obamacare case is the third major Republican-backed challenge to the law, which has helped roughly 20 million Americans obtain medical insurance. It also bars insurers from refusing to cover people with pre-existing medical conditions.
Republican opponents have called the law an unwarranted intervention by government in health insurance markets.
The Supreme Court previously upheld Obamacare 5-4 in a 2012 ruling. It rejected another challenge by 6-3 in 2015.
Barrett in the past criticized those two rulings in academic journals. Democrats opposing her nomination said she might vote to strike down Obamacare.
The court began its current term on Oct. 5 shorthanded following the death of Barrett’s predecessor, liberal Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg. If the court is divided 4-4 in any of the cases argued before Barrett was appointed, it could hold a second round of oral arguments so Barrett can participate.
Barrett is joining the court at an unusual moment. The justices are meeting remotely by telephone because of the coronavirus pandemic, both for their private conferences and public argument sessions, at least through the end of 2020. The public can listen to the arguments as they take place, a change also resulting from the court’s response to the pandemic.
After her first private conference with her new colleagues on Friday, two weeks of arguments begin on Monday. In an institution that pays strict attention to seniority, Barrett will go last in the private and public sessions.
As she settles into her new office at the court, Barrett will be joined by four law clerks, usually recent law school graduates who have experience working for federal judges.
When the court reopens to the public and the justices return to the courtroom, Barrett is expected to assume several duties reserved for the court’s junior justice. She will be a member of the committee that oversees the court’s public cafeteria, and the person who takes notes and answers the door when someone knocks during the justices’ private conferences.