BAGHDAD (Reuters) — Tens of thousands of supporters of Iranian-backed Iraqi paramilitary groups chanted anti-American slogans in central Baghdad on Sunday to mark the anniversary of the U.S. killing of Iranian general Qassem Soleimani and an Iraqi militia commander.
The gathering coincided with increasing tensions between Iran and the United States in the last days of President Donald Trump’s administration, and many in the crowd demanded revenge.
Soleimani, head of an elite overseas unit of Iran’s Revolutionary Guards, was killed along with Iraqi militia leader Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis on Jan. 3, 2020, in a U.S. drone strike on his convoy at Baghdad airport.
Washington had accused Soleimani of masterminding attacks by Iranian-aligned militias on U.S. forces in the region, and his killing took U.S.-Iranian hostilities into uncharted waters and stoked concern about a major conflagration.
Demonstrators gathering at Tahrir square waved the Iraqi and PMF flags and chanted anti-American slogans such as “America is the Great Satan” while carrying the portraits of Soleimani and Muhandis.
A banner depicting Iraqi militia commander Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, is seen during a gathering marking the one year anniversary of the killing of senior Iranian military commander General Qassem Soleimani and al-Muhandis in a U.S. attack, in Baghdad, Iraq January 3, 2021. REUTERS/Thaier Al-Sudani 
Iraqis, including supporters of Hashid Shaabi (Popular Mobilization Forces), hold placards and flags as they gather to mark the one year anniversary of the killing of senior Iranian military commander General Qassem Soleimani and Iraqi militia commander Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis in a U.S. attack, in Baghdad, Iraq January 3, 2021. REUTERS/Thaier Al-Sudani 
Iraqis, including supporters of Hashid Shaabi (Popular Mobilization Forces), hold placards as they gather to mark the one year anniversary of the killing of senior Iranian military commander General Qassem Soleimani and Iraqi militia commander Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis in a U.S. attack, in Baghdad, Iraq January 3, 2021. REUTERS/Thaier Al-Sudani 
Iraqis, including supporters of Hashid Shaabi (Popular Mobilization Forces), hold placards and flags as they gather to mark the one year anniversary of the killing of senior Iranian military commander General Qassem Soleimani and Iraqi militia commander Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis in a U.S. attack, in Baghdad, Iraq January 3, 2021. REUTERS/Thaier Al-Sudani 
Iraqis, including supporters of Hashid Shaabi (Popular Mobilization Forces), hold placards and flags as they gather to mark the one year anniversary of the killing of senior Iranian military commander General Qassem Soleimani and Iraqi militia commander Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis in a U.S. attack, in Baghdad, Iraq January 3, 2021. REUTERS/Thaier Al-Sudani 
Iraqis, including supporters of Hashid Shaabi (Popular Mobilization Forces), hold placards and flags as they gather to mark the one year anniversary of the killing of senior Iranian military commander General Qassem Soleimani and Iraqi militia commander Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis in a U.S. attack, in Baghdad, Iraq January 3, 2021. REUTERS/Thaier Al-Sudani
They had flocked to the central square in response to calls by an array of militia groups known collectively as the Popular Mobilisation Forces (PMF), which are mostly backed by Iran.
Big posters of the two slain men along with others also killed in the attack were everywhere around the square and hung on adjacent buildings.
PMF head Faleh al-Fayyad and politician Hadi al-Ameri, commander of the Badr Organization militia, who were both at the rally addressing the crowds, called for the expulsion of U.S. troops.
“We are here today to condemn what the American-Israeli enemy had done by targeting the leaders of victory,” said protester Abu Ahmed.
“We call on the government to take a serious stance to hold those who killed them accountable.”
Reflecting continuing regional strains, Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif on Saturday urged Trump not to be “trapped” by an alleged Israeli plan to provoke a war through attacks on U.S. forces in Iraq.
An Israeli official dismissed the accusation as “nonsense” and said it was Israel that needed to be on alert for possible Iranian strikes.
The United States blames Iran-backed militias for regular rocket attacks on U.S. facilities in Iraq. No known Iran-backed groups have claimed responsibility.
The U.S. military flew two nuclear-capable B-52 bombers to the Middle East in a message of deterrence to Iran last week, but the bombers have since left the region.
On Saturday evening thousands of mourners gathered on the highway that leads to Baghdad airport, where Soleimani and Muhandis were killed, in a simulated funeral procession staged in tribute to the two men.